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New PET imaging approach detects almost all lesions in common form of kidney cancer

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New PET imaging approach detects almost all lesions in common form of kidney cancer

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A new PET imaging approach detected 97.9% of lesions in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), potentially giving clinicians a more complete picture of the location and extent of a patient's disease, according to research presented at the 39th Annual Congress of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM'26).

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer, with ccRCC its most common subtype. While ¹⁸F-FDG is commonly used as a radiotracer in cancer PET/CT imaging, it has limitations in RCC, driving interest in more targeted imaging approaches.

Against this background, researchers investigated a different imaging approach targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a protein highly expressed in ccRCC but with minimal expression in normal renal tissue. In a prospective multicenter study of 68 patients with RCC, researchers compared the CAIX-targeted imaging agent [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DPI-4452 PET/CT with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT.

Across 492 true lesions evaluated in the study, [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DPI-4452 PET/CT detected 90.9%, compared with 56.7% using ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. The difference was even greater in ccRCC, where [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DPI-4452 PET/CT detected 97.9% of lesions compared with 47.1% using ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. Patient-level diagnostic accuracy in ccRCC was also higher, at 98.2% compared with 77.2%.

"CAIX gives us a highly selective biological target," explained lead author Esra Arslan. "It is expressed at a very high rate in ccRCC, while expression in normal renal tissue remains minimal.



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