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Sleep problems are significantly more common among people with migraine than among those without headaches. People with migraine also tend to have a later chronotype, meaning they tend to fall asleep and wake up later and are most active later in the day.

These findings come from the largest nationwide Polish study, involving more than 5,300 adults and conducted by a team of Wrocław researchers led by Marta Waliszewska-Prosół, MD, Ph.D. The researchers analyzed data from 5,311 people, including 1,523 with migraine, 2,366 with tension-type headache and 209 with an unclassified headache. The remaining 1,213 participants reported no headaches during the previous 12 months. The research is published in The Journal of Headache and Pain.

The biggest difference was in sleep quality. Sleep problems were identified in 64.1% of people with migraine, compared with 38.7% of those without headaches. Among people with tension-type headache, the figure was 45.4%.

Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which accounts for factors such as time needed to fall asleep, sleep duration and efficiency, nighttime awakenings and daytime functioning.

People with migraine scored worse than those without headaches across all assessed aspects of sleep. These differences remained significant even after accounting for factors such as age, sex, place of residence, education, relationship status and type of employment.

"The significantly higher proportion of people with sleep problems among patients with migraine compared with the control group confirms that sleep disturbances are one of the key features of this condition.

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