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Approximately 1 in 4 active-duty male U.S. Army personnel may have a morning testosterone measurement below a commonly used clinical threshold, according to new research from Pennington Biomedical Research Center published this week in JAMA. The findings provide estimates of low testosterone screening results across the active-duty Army population and offer insight into the potential implications of routine testosterone screening for military personnel.

The study, "Testosterone Screening Thresholds and Low Testosterone in Active-Duty US Service Members," analyzed data from 479 male participants in the Military Health and Nutrition Examination Study, a multisite assessment conducted at five U.S. Army installations between August 2024 and January 2026. Researchers estimated the prevalence of testosterone concentrations below two commonly used thresholds for identifying low testosterone: less than 300 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) and less than 264 ng/dL.

Using the 300 ng/dL threshold, researchers estimated that 25.7% of active-duty male Army personnel—approximately 100,691 individuals—would have a morning testosterone measurement below that level. Using the lower threshold of 264 ng/dL, the estimated prevalence was 14.7%, representing approximately 57,788 men.

S. military for more than 30 years to advance research that supports the health, performance and readiness of service members," said Dr. Jennifer Rood, senior vice chancellor and executive director of Pennington Biomedical. "Our participation in the Military Health and Nutrition Examination Study reflects this longstanding partnership and our shared commitment to understanding the factors that influence health across the military population.

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