Researchers posted about a made-up concept on sites AI search tools cite. Four English-web tools cited it within a week. Other topics mostly didn't land.
ChatGPT, Perplexity, Grok, and Google AI each cited posts about a made-up concept within seven days of the posts going up, according to a paper from researchers at Fudan University.
The researchers published the posts from ordinary accounts on nine sites the tested tools already cited often. On two other topics, an opinion question with existing discussion and a made-up product, the same four tools picked up little in the same seven days.
The paper uses the label “Google AI” and links to Google’s general AI site, but it doesn’t specify which Google product was tested. The tests were conducted in March and April, and the paper was posted on arXiv on Oct. 8.
In March, the Fudan team ran 120 questions through 10 AI search tools and recorded the sites each tool cited. The researchers classify ChatGPT, Perplexity, Grok, and Google AI as English-web tools; the other six, including Doubao and DeepSeek, are Chinese-web tools.
Across those questions, Reddit was the most-cited site for Google AI and Grok, YouTube for Perplexity, and Wikipedia for ChatGPT. Six to 10 of each tool’s 10 most-cited sites accepted posts from ordinary users.
In April tests of 22 posting platforms, the researchers rated Medium, GitHub, LinkedIn, and Facebook easy to join and post on, while Reddit’s karma requirements and strict deletions made posting harder.
For each tool, the team then picked its most-cited site that a new account could post on, which gave them nine sites, including Medium, YouTube, and Sohu.
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