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School bullying tied to symptoms and diagnosis of PTSD

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School bullying tied to symptoms and diagnosis of PTSD

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School bullying has been linked to lower academic achievement and increased mental health problems, making it a critical concern for the field of educational psychology. Understanding the psychological consequences of bullying is essential for educators, school psychologists and policymakers to develop effective interventions that support students' well-being and learning outcomes. One ongoing debate is whether bullying qualifies as a traumatic event that may lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and diagnosis.

A previous meta-analysis revealed a significant association between bullying and PTSD symptoms, highlighting their prevalence among both children and adults who have been bullied. Our meta-analysis updates and expands these findings by focusing on the association between bullying and PTSD symptoms and diagnosis specifically among schoolchildren and youth.

A comprehensive systematic literature search across seven databases identified 38 eligible studies in line with the inclusion criteria defined a priori. The frequency of PTSD symptoms above the cutoff scores varied between 12.1% and 65.8%. The overall pooled effect size was (r = .237, 95% CI [.173, .299], p < .001), using the correlated-hierarchical effects model with robust variance estimation method. The results were heterogeneous with a 95% PI [-.155, .563].

, mean age of the sample, type of group: victims, bullies, bully/victims) in this link. However, we cannot rule out alternative explanations, such as other diagnoses. The implications have been discussed.



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