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Ebola vaccine induces T cell cross-reactivity against Bundibugyo virus in humans

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Ebola vaccine induces T cell cross-reactivity against Bundibugyo virus in humans

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The current Bundibugyo Ebola virus (BDBV) outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the second largest Ebola outbreak worldwide, with over 6,000 confirmed cases and a 48% fatality rate. There is currently no approved BDBV vaccine.

The VSV-EBOV (Ervebo) vaccine, which was developed to combat the related Ebola virus (EBOV), has shown partial cross-protection in non-human primates and has induced BDBV-reactive antibodies in humans.

A DZIF research team led by Dr. Leonie Mayer and Professor Marylyn Addo from the Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Professor Christof Geldmacher and Dr. Rolanda Londt from the Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine at the LMU University Hospital Munich analyzed and mapped T-cell responses against EBOV, BDBV and Sudan virus (SUDV) in VSV-EBOV-vaccinated individuals.

T-cell responses contribute to viral control and protection against severe disease for diverse types of viruses. Because T cells can recognize conserved viral epitopes, they may cross-react between related viruses. However, whether VSV-EBOV vaccination also induces T cells that recognize BDBV in humans has remained unknown.

The glycoproteins of the three viruses are phylogenetically distant, with EBOV and BDBV sharing 66.3% amino acid identity, compared with 56.3% between EBOV and SUDV.

"Using multiple sequence alignments—the parallel comparison of multiple amino acid sequences—we identified several sequences that are highly conserved among the glycoproteins of EBOV, BDBV and SUDV, and tested these regions for their interactions with the immune systems of vaccine recipients," says first author Mayer.


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