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The people of northern Virginia have been living with data centers for many years. The area is home to the world's largest concentration of data centers. In a survey we conducted, we found that northern Virginians support development restrictions that could make data centers more transparent and accountable to the public. But they care about some types of regulations more than others.

As public concerns about data centers' electricity demand and effects on the environment and surrounding communities have grown around the nation, organized opposition to their construction is also on the rise—not only around the country but also at the epicenter of data centers.

In northern Virginia, public protest and legal action led developers to withdraw a proposal for a campus covering 2,100 acres (about 850 hectares) for as many as 37 data centers in Prince William County in early July 2026. A week later, county officials cited that opposition when rejecting a proposal that would have rezoned another 2,000 acres (about 810 hectares) elsewhere in the county to allow more data centers.

Our research explored Virginians' views on living near and among data centers , identifying what they think about their experiences and how they want to shape future data center development projects that might come to their communities. In fall 2025, we surveyed 1,004 residents of northern Virginia and the Richmond metropolitan area—home to the two largest data center clusters in Virginia.

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