Home / Technology / Tech News / Japan launches historic mission to collect samples from Mars moon Phobos
Japan's MMX mission will collect at least 10 grams of material from Phobos and return it to Earth by 2031, aiming to resolve how Mars' two moons formed and evolved
An artist’s concept of JAXA’s MMX spacecraft during its Mars’ orbit insertion. The Martian moon Phobos, which MMX will explore and sample, is in the background. (Image: JAXA)
Unis Ahmad Dar New Delhi 3 min read Last Updated : Oct 20 2026 | 12:37 PM IST
Japan has launched a $578 million mission to bring back the first samples from a Martian moon, Reuters reported, in a bid to settle how Phobos and Deimos formed.
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) spacecraft aboard its H3 rocket from the Tanegashima Space Centre on October 20. The spacecraft is expected to reach the Martian system in August 2027 and return samples to Earth in 2031.
The mission aims to collect at least 10 grams of material from Phobos, the larger and closer of Mars’ two moons. If successful, it will become the first mission to return samples from a Martian moon, giving scientists material they can examine in laboratories on Earth.
Phobos offers scientists a way to investigate the Martian system without attempting the more difficult task of collecting and returning samples directly from Mars.
The moon measures roughly 27 km by 22 km by 18 km and orbits about 6,000 km above Mars.
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