Artificial intelligence is transforming U.S. workplaces. AI chatbots like ChatGPT and Claude are bringing new efficiencies to certain work tasks and automating others. These technologies are still relatively new, and it’s too early to tell if they will lead to job loss or job growth in the long run. But there are early signs of a gender gap: Employment growth has been slower for women than for men in occupations with more exposure to AI.

We measured employment growth for men and for women in occupations with different levels of exposure to AI, based on government data. We compared the years before generative AI became widely available (2017-19) to the years since (2023-26).

Employment growth is the percent change in the number of people employed in an occupation. Within each occupation, we compared growth for men to growth for women. We did not compare occupations to each other, and we are not suggesting some occupations are inherently “men’s work” or “women’s work.”

AI exposure measures how much AI can do or help with the tasks required in a particular occupation.

Much of the public conversation about artificial intelligence (AI) and work has focused on whether jobs will disappear. But employment in occupations that are the most exposed to AI has grown, not shrunk. This Pew Research Center analysis asks a different question: How has job growth differed by gender and education?

Pew Research Center does high-quality research to inform the public, journalists and decision-makers. This research builds on our previous work on the impact of AI on jobs and public attitudes toward AI at work .

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