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Nearly nine in 10 young people with cancer were alive five years after diagnosis by 2017—up from six in 10 in 1975, according to the first comprehensive update of U.S. childhood cancer survival statistics in over a decade published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

But this immense progress did not reach everyone equally. Some cancers, like certain leukemias and bone/soft tissue cancers (called sarcomas), have improved much less than others. Also, Black children and teenagers had worse survival across most cancer types.

"Our study shows that childhood cancer is one of modern medicine's greatest success stories," said lead author Lindsay Schwartz, M.D., M.S., a pediatric oncologist at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and assistant professor of pediatrics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

"Molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapies have increasingly been integrated into treatment and may have improved survival among young patients not cured with conventional chemotherapy while reducing late mortality from toxic treatments. Survival gains also likely have been driven by advances in precision diagnostics, risk stratification and inclusive cooperative group trials. Our findings, however, also point to where children and families still need us to do better."

S. between 1975 and 2022. They used data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 8 and 17 databases. Researchers evaluated trends in five-year overall survival among different sociodemographic groups.

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