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Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison, together with Ooredoo Group, Nokia and Nvidia, plans to develop Zankore, an artificial intelligence (AI) infrastructure platform aimed at serving the region.
The 1-gigawatt (GW) AI Factory will be built in stages. Its first phase, with a capacity of about 200 megawatts (MW), is scheduled to begin construction in Batang, Central Java, in the first half of 2027.
The project is being promoted as a step toward Indonesia's ambition to become a regional AI hub. But advanced AI infrastructure requires not only enormous amounts of electricity. Its servers also need large volumes of water for cooling.
The difficult question is whether the government can guarantee enough water for both AI servers and local communities when Central Java is already facing water stress.
Every time we ask a chatbot a question, thousands of chips in data centers process the request and generate heat. Cooling systems must continuously remove that heat, often by evaporating water through cooling towers.
Water is also consumed indirectly along the data center supply chain, including in electricity generation.
A 2025 study by University of California researchers estimated potential water demand from AI factories using Microsoft's projected approach. Indonesia recorded the highest projected cooling-water consumption among the countries examined, at about 1.9 liters for every kilowatt-hour of electricity used by servers.
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