European Union crypto platforms have up to three months to end customer exposure to USDT and other stablecoins that do not meet the bloc’s Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) rules under new guidance issued Thursday by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA).
The guidance, issued as an opinion to national authorities, does not name any tokens. Tether-issued USDT is the largest stablecoin by market capitalization and the standout large-scale example of a token that’s not authorized under MiCA. PayPal USD , the third-largest, is also not authorized.
MiCA’s stablecoin rules began applying in June 2024, requiring issuers of dollar-and euro-pegged tokens offered to EU users to meet authorization, reserve, redemption and disclosure requirements. ESMA refers to stablecoins as asset-referenced tokens and e-money tokens.
“ESMA considers that CASPs should not provide crypto-asset services in relation to ARTs or EMTs that are not compliant with the applicable requirements under MiCA (non-MiCA compliant ARTs or EMTs),” the regulator said, using an acronym for crypto-asset service providers.
Several platforms had already restricted USDT for European users. MiCA’s full rules for crypto platforms took effect on July 1, forcing firms without authorization to stop serving clients in the bloc.
The guidance said authorized crypto firms must stop offering services that let EU customers buy, trade, swap or otherwise increase their holdings of affected stablecoins.
The rules cover exchange services, trade execution, transfers, custody, administration, advice and portfolio management.
National regulators should require any remaining customer holdings to be resolved “as soon as possible, and no later than three months” after the opinion’s publication, ESMA said.
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