Artificial intelligence has deciphered ancient scrolls and could even help humans communicate with other animals, but now OpenAI is using the technology for another difficult translation task—one that could have huge benefits for critical infrastructure like banking, nuclear energy, and government.
The AI startup announced Monday that its latest models, including GPT-6 Astra and GPT-5.6 Sol, have shown “substantial improvements” in their ability to migrate old, outdated programming languages into newer ones. That’s potentially a big deal, since some of those dated languages are the lifeblood of some basic services we all depend on. COBOL, for example—short for “common business-oriented language”—still handles 95% of all ATM transactions, even though it was invented when Eisenhower was in the Oval Office (1959). Fortran, a programming language invented in 1957, is still widely used to simulate the functionality of nuclear reactors.
While many software engineers trained to use COBOL have been retiring—and bringing their skills with them—younger programmers have been delegating large portions of their work to AI assistants like Codex and Claude Code. While the datasets of those proprietary tools aren’t public, they were very likely trained using more contemporary programming languages, rather than with “legacy” languages like COBOL. The result has been a dangerous and ever-widening gap between the a new generation of AI-assisted coders and the software running a considerable portion of the financial sector, IT services, and government agencies.
In new research “guided by feedback from developers and enterprise customers,” OpenAI set out to see if its newer models could help to bridge that gap.
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