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Taking opioids for years does not seem to reduce pain or improve functioning in people with chronic back pain, according to a new Northwestern University study that compared 70 long-term opioid users with 70 similar patients not taking opioids.
The study also found large differences in brain activity between the two groups and identified new molecular markers, including some involving serotonin receptors, that could lead to new treatments for pain and for tapering off opioids.
Based on these findings, the Northwestern scientists plan to test whether an antidepressant, which targets the same serotonin molecular pathway identified in the study, can help treat chronic pain and opioid dependence.
The study, published Oct. 1 in the journal Brain, comes with an important nuance. Even though the opioid group didn't fare better, it also wasn't much worse off.
"The psychological and brain properties of the participants on long-term prescription opiates were essentially intact," said senior study author A. Vania Apkarian, director of the Center for Translational Pain Research at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.
"That's good news because there's this fear nowadays that as soon as you start ingesting opiates, your brain is going to go crazy, and it doesn't," Apkarian said.
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