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How much sleep is enough? Public health recommendations necessarily give population-level answers. But with wearable devices now capable of recording hundreds of nights from the same person, researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have asked whether short sleep could also be assessed relative to an individual's own sleep pattern.

A new study from the Centre for Sleep and Cognition at NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine introduces a personalized short sleep (pSS) framework. Instead of asking only whether someone slept less than a universal cutoff, it asks: Was this night substantially shorter than what this person usually achieves when they have greater opportunity to sleep?

Published in Sleep Medicine, the study followed 462 working adults using Oura Rings and daily smartphone assessments for up to one year. Researchers compared the commonly used definition of short sleep—less than six hours per night—with a personalized threshold derived from each participant's long-term sleep distribution.

The personalized threshold was set at one hour below the 75th percentile of each person's sleep duration. The upper part of an individual's sleep distribution provides a practical estimate of sleep obtained when occupational and social constraints are reduced, while the one-hour reduction was informed by experimental studies showing functional effects of sleep restriction.

One of the study's most striking findings was that personalization did not simply classify more sleep as inadequate.

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