Fractile, a British startup developing AI chips, has raised a $720 million Series C backed by Britain’s Sovereign AI Fund with hopes of “ensuring the U.K. has a greater stake in the hardware that will underpin its future economy,” its government stated.

Alongside the likes of Axelera, Etched, and OLIX, this makes Fractile one of the top-funded startup players in the race for purpose-built AI chips. Such chips are one of several avenues being explored to reduce the cost of inference — aka using increasingly demanding AI models in production.

However, Fractile seeks to go beyond hardware with a full-stack approach that also includes a machine learning compiler to maximize the speed at which LLMs will get executed on its chips.

As a result, the company frames itself as a frontier AI company, and its latest round led by Thrive Capital, Founders Fund, Lightspeed Venture Partners and Redpoint was priced accordingly. According to the British government, the valuation was “over £5 billion” — quite possibly $7 billion, a figure reported both by the Financial Times and a Reuters source.

Still, Fractile’s main differentiator will arguably be its hardware design. After a pivot, its approach now revolves on DRAM, the most common type of RAM, but stacked on top of each chip in such a way that it is hoping will bypass the usual tradeoff between memory and capacity.

This tradeoff has become more problematic with the rise of agentic AI, as companies seek to perform longer chains of tasks with large models without compromising on speed.

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